India is one of the earliest countries that produce gem grade diamonds, and many historically famous specimens came from India . The famous blue diamond, the Hope Diamond, is one such example. Before 19 th Century, the main sources of diamonds come from India and Brazil . After 1867, the discovery of alluvial sand deposits and native Kimberlite rock pipes in South Africa made it one of the most important diamond producing nations in the world. In 1985, new diamond mines were discovered in the Argyle regions of middle Australia , and production of diamonds from Australia quickly rose to first place in the world in 1986; however, only 5% of diamonds produced are of gem quality. To date, the five major diamond export countries in the world are Australia , Zaire , Botswana , Russia and South Africa , accounting for 90% of annual global diamond productions.